What is Functional Interface

A Functional Interface can have only one abstract method. Now the question can arise that why we need an interface which can have only one abstract method, the answer is, on every occasion we create an Interface for a purpose and that is to have multiple implementation for it which can be dynamically passed where the Interface reference is used. Functional Interface can also has the same ability in a greater way where we can pass any method which has the signature identical to the single abstract method that is contained by the Functional Interface. Since any method can be passed where the interface is used, so there is no need for creating unnecessary classes which need to implement that interface.

package com.avijit.blog;

// This is the functional interface which can have
// only one method signature.
@FunctionalInterface
interface IPrint {
    public void print(String data);
}

public class DataPrinter {
    
    // Function that take "Functional Interface" IPrint as one
    // argument and the data that needs to be printed as the other.
    public static void printData(IPrint iPrint, String data){
        iPrint.print(data);
    }
    
    // This is a function that's signature matches with the 
    // Functional Interfaces method's signature
    // public void print(String data);
    public static void printDataWithHi(String data){
        System.out.println("Hi: " + data);
    }
    
    // This is another function that's signature matches with the 
    // Functional Interfaces method's signature
    // public void print(String data);
    public static void printDataWithHello(String data){
        System.out.println("Hello: " + data);
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Call printData function by using different 
        // function thats uses same signature of the 
        // Functional Interface function.
        
        // By using Lambda Expression
        printData(i -> printDataWithHi(i), "Test");
        // Or
        printData(DataPrinter::printDataWithHi, "Test");
        
        // Using another function which will produce different 
        // results.
        printData(i -> printDataWithHello(i), "Test");
        // Or
        printData(DataPrinter::printDataWithHello, "Test");
    }
}

//Output
Hi: Test
Hi: Test
Hello: Test
Hello: Test

Why Multithreading in C# and ASP.Net

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Threading;

namespace TestWebApplication
{
    public partial class Default : System.Web.UI.Page
    {
        protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            /*
            Serial Execution
            */
            writeLn("Without Threading");
            writeLn("==========================");
            DateTime dt1 = DateTime.Now;
            writeLn("Started at " + dt1);
            doWork1();
            doWork2();
            DateTime dt2 = DateTime.Now;
            writeLn("Ended at " + dt2);
            writeLn("--------------------------");
            writeLn("Time Taken: " + (dt2 - dt1).Seconds + " Second");
            writeLn("");
            writeLn("");


            /*
            Parallel execusion by using Threads
            */
            writeLn("With Threading");
            writeLn("==========================");
            DateTime dt3 = DateTime.Now;
            writeLn("Started at " + dt3);
            Thread t1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(doWork1));
            t1.Start();

            Thread t2 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(doWork2));
            t2.Start();

            t1.Join();
            t2.Join();
            DateTime dt4 = DateTime.Now;
            writeLn("Ended at " + dt4);
            writeLn("--------------------------");
            writeLn("Time Taken: " + (dt4- dt3).Seconds + " Second");
        }

        private void doWork1()
        {
            writeLn("First Method Started");
            Thread.Sleep(1000);
            writeLn("First Method Ended");
        }

        private void doWork2()
        {
            writeLn("Second Method Started");
            Thread.Sleep(1000);
            writeLn("Second Method Ended");
        }

        private void writeLn(String msg)
        {
            Response.Write(msg + "<br />");
        }
    }
}

Without Threading
==========================
Started at 7/15/2016 12:55:52 AM
First Method Started
First Method Ended
Second Method Started
Second Method Ended
Ended at 7/15/2016 12:55:54 AM
--------------------------
Time Taken: 2 Second


With Threading
==========================
Started at 7/15/2016 12:55:54 AM
First Method Started
Second Method Started
First Method Ended
Second Method Ended
Ended at 7/15/2016 12:55:55 AM
--------------------------
Time Taken: 1 Second